As winter storms roll across the U.S., millions of drivers are being advised to brace for dangerous roads and potential emergencies. A Winter Storm Warning issued across major parts of the country has prompted officials to urge travelers to be extra cautious, especially those driving during peak snowfall hours. While slipping and sliding on icy roads is a well-publicized concern, perhaps even more critical is what happens when your vehicle breaks down—in the cold, on a highway, far from help.
Breaking down on a highway during a snowstorm is not just a frustrating inconvenience—it can be a life-threatening situation if not handled properly. Drivers need to be prepared with the right tools, information, and mindset. Knowing what to do can make a significant difference in your safety and even survival until assistance arrives. In this article, we’ll guide you through what to do step-by-step if your car breaks down during a winter storm, and how you can prepare, mitigate, and respond smartly when caught in these extreme conditions.
Key facts about winter highway breakdowns
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Weather Threat | Snowstorms, freezing rain, ice buildup |
| Primary Risks | Exposure to extreme cold, traffic accidents, lack of visibility |
| Emergency Services | May be delayed due to road conditions and high volume of calls |
| Recommended Supplies | Emergency kit, blankets, flashlight, batteries, water, non-perishable food |
| First Steps if Stranded | Stay with vehicle, call emergency services, make your car visible |
The dangers of getting stranded in winter conditions
Winter weather significantly reduces driving visibility and vehicle control. If you break down, conditions outside the vehicle can turn life-threatening within minutes, especially in sub-zero temperatures. **Hypothermia**, frostbite, and exposure are legitimate dangers. But equally concerning is the risk from other cars losing control in icy conditions and colliding with your stationary vehicle on the highway.
Officials note that vehicles become near-invisible in heavy snow, darkness, or whiteout conditions. That, paired with distracted or impaired drivers, creates a hazardous environment for anyone stranded on road shoulders or in lanes.
“The number one mistake drivers make is trying to walk for help in extreme conditions. The safest place—unless your vehicle is in direct danger—is inside your car with hazard lights on.”
—Susan Ramirez, Federal Emergency Management Advisor
Steps to take immediately if your vehicle breaks down
In the event your car stalls, loses power, gets stuck in snow, or experiences mechanical failure during a storm, follow these steps:
1. Pull over safely and stay with your vehicle
If possible, maneuver your vehicle off the road. Avoid stopping in the travel lane, especially on highways. Turn on your hazard lights. Unless absolutely necessary, do not leave your vehicle to seek help — the risk of exposure or being hit by passing traffic is too high.
2. Call for roadside assistance or 911
Use your mobile phone to call for help. Provide your exact location, any nearby landmarks or mile markers, your car’s make/color, and your situation. If reception is poor, try sending a text to 911 in participating areas or use an emergency app if installed ahead of time.
3. Make your vehicle visible
In low-visibility conditions, it’s essential that other drivers and emergency responders can see you. Use hazard lights. If safe to do so, place road flares, a reflective triangle, or brightly colored cloth tied to your antenna or door handle.
4. Manage your vehicle’s heat carefully
Run the engine sparingly—about 10 minutes every hour—to preserve fuel. Ensure the tailpipe is not blocked by snow to prevent carbon monoxide from building up inside. Crack a window slightly for ventilation when running the engine.
5. Stay warm and conserve power
Stay inside your vehicle and wrap yourself in blankets or extra clothing from your emergency kit. Limit phone use to preserve battery life, which is essential for communication and GPS tracking.
Preparing an emergency winter car kit
Having a reliable emergency kit can make a sizable difference in how safe and comfortable you are if stranded. Essentials to include:
- Thermal blankets or sleeping bags
- Battery-powered flashlight with extra batteries
- Non-perishable high-energy food (nuts, protein bars)
- Water or sports drinks that won’t freeze quickly
- Portable phone charger or power bank
- Jumper cables, shovel, sand or kitty litter (for traction)
- Hand warmers, gloves, hats, and scarves
- First aid kit
Many drivers wrongly underestimate how much supplies they’ll need. Experts advise stocking your kit like you may be waiting 12–24 hours for help to arrive under poor conditions.
“You’re not just preparing for mechanical failure—you’re preparing for nature to stack every card against you. Think redundancy: extra food, redundant heat sources, multiple signaling tools.”
—Marcus Lin, Emergency Preparedness Coordinator
Tips for traveling safely during winter storms
The easiest way to avoid becoming stranded is to reconsider traveling during storm conditions. If trips are necessary, follow basic winter driving safety practices:
- Fully charge your phone and enable location sharing before departure
- Keep your gas tank at ¾ full or more
- Check weather and traffic apps before and during the drive
- Lower driving speed and maintain wider following distances
- Avoid using cruise control on icy roads
Also, share your travel plans with a friend or family member—including your intended route and estimated arrival time—so someone checks in if you don’t arrive.
How local agencies are responding to storm emergencies
Across several states, highway patrols and transportation departments have increased staffing and patrol coverage during the winter warning period. Snowplows and tow trucks are being strategically stationed, but severe accumulation and accidents can still result in significant delays in assistance.
Officials have also urged drivers to heed road closures. Disregarding these can lead to fines and put you and other motorists in danger.
“We’re seeing a nearly 30% increase in winter roadside assistance calls compared to last year. Many are preventable if drivers had better preparation and stayed off roads during peak snowfall hours.”
—Lt. Daniel Moore, State Highway Patrol Officer
Who is most at risk during winter highway breakdowns?
Year after year, certain demographic groups are more impacted during winter weather incidents:
| Group | Risk Factors |
|---|---|
| Older Adults | Lower tolerance to cold, mobility issues, possible medical conditions |
| Families with small children | Limited clothing layers, greater heat loss in infants/toddlers |
| Drivers in rural areas | Long distances between assistance points, lower cell coverage |
| Truck drivers and night-shift workers | High exposure to long-distance winter travel and poor visibility hours |
Final reminders before driving in storm conditions
You cannot control the weather, but you can control your preparedness. This winter, don’t leave safety to chance—equip your vehicle, understand the hazards, and plan for the worst-case scenario. Cold weather doesn’t forgive poor planning, and in a breakdown, every decision counts.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long can I stay warm in a broken down car during winter?
With proper supplies and by running the engine periodically for heat, you can stay warm for several hours. Always ensure the tailpipe remains unblocked to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning.
What should I say when calling 911 if stranded during a snowstorm?
State your exact location if possible, describe your vehicle, share your condition and whether you have supplies. Mention if you are in immediate danger like a medical emergency or exposure risk.
If I see someone else stranded, what should I do?
Only stop if it’s safe. Otherwise, call emergency services and report the vehicle’s location. Never attempt to tow or transport them unless you are fully prepared and the risk is minimal.
What is the best way to make my car visible in a snowstorm?
Turn on hazard lights, tie bright cloth to the mirror or antenna, and if safe, place reflectors or flares around the vehicle perimeter.
Is it safe to use a portable heater inside a stalled car?
Most portable heaters are not safe for enclosed spaces due to fire and fume risks. Use your car’s heater cautiously and be alert to any signs of carbon monoxide buildup. Always ventilate slightly.
Should I try to dig my car out alone if it’s snowed in?
Only if the road is safe and you’re confident in your own safety. Digging can lead to exertion and sudden cold exposure. Evaluate surroundings carefully before stepping out.